Wall construction



Oct. 6, 1931. E. L. EWING WALL CONSTRUCTION 2 Sheets-Sheet Filed O Ct. 27. 1930 ,R m, .NW o \M :Af w IIIIL Il LLI! lkll L f NJW H l l xPl b I Il IJ H VJ La wlllTIIIHTJNI QN l Nl S.-. d N N Arm: 1 Il N y, ln P if l l l l rlll 1 Si mi JT., L T lli l MUN 115,. LLay. nl mfy T ff n JI N|L\` r .1/ L, l n Al/I H Mv \v/ A ll L rs I un f K ),I |.l 1| I M f \1/ ,1 0. F.Q\ m 4 um f l JIfLwHf UL n |br|. VFL, LLL l M 1 NN f f lfly 12in. 111|, L.. r/ l l L IrvL /w 14. I V l ll L I lu.. 1,1 .f vm v Lx l m( J JSIJJ T.-lx nl 1. ML l N N L L \f| J| \l) 7 f\ QN mi m, \m\ ha QN d N h, m. :N NN WN n I n 1Min QN w |||||i12|| N /1|||\ ,fl ,f I a. R@ QNN @Mlm R fw ATTO RN E75 Oct. 6, 1931. E, L EW|NG WALL CONSTRUCTION Filed Oct. 27. 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR Y ll I I l ll ATTORNEYS Patented Oct. 6, 1931 Unirse STATES PATENT EMMA L. EVJING, OF DETROIT, MGHIGANQASSIGNOR OF ONE-THERE T ALFRED M.`

LAMAR AND ONE-TERE- 'IO RUSSELL H. CTENKENS, BOTE 0E? BETEZQT, IlICI-IGN WALL CONSTRUCTION Application fiiledhOctoher 27, 193D. Serial No. 491,417.

This invention relates to building wall'construct'ioiis and more particularly to a precast concrete .unit for such walls, an object of the invention being to provide wall units, which when set in a wall will provide for adequate air circulation within the wall and the units forming the inner and outer surfaces of said wall will be firmly tied together against relative movement both longitudinally and transversely of said wall by poured concrete firmly uniting the units.

A further object is to provide wall units so constructed that, when set in a wall in horizontal tiers, they will provide vertical air spaces within the wall extendingfrom bottom to top lof the Wall with these air flues orspaces connected, one with another, throughout the length of the wall and across corners or angles in the wall, tubular members forming such horizontal connecting passages being interposed between inner and outer opposed units across the spaces into which concrete is poured in erecting the wall to unite these opposed units intermediate their ends and to imite the opposed ends of units placed end to end in each horizontal tier.

It is also an object to provide an unit construction which is such as to facilitate the setting of the saine in building the wall,` and to provide means for firmly holding these units in place before the unitingconcrete is pouredJ said means remaining in the wall and serving to unite inner and outer units and reinforce the same at the hollow portions thereof which provide the vertical air flues in the finished wall. lt ris also an object to provide a wall unit of simple construction which may be readily cast in a mold and then dried out to provide units which are strong and rigid and maybe conveniently handled, the wall formed from such units having a minimum number of parts, providing a maxi- -niurn of strength.

l. ith the above and other ends in view, the y invention consists in the matters hereinafter set forth andinore particularly pointed out in the annexed claims, reference being had to the accompanying drawings in which- Figure l is a side elevation ofy a portion of wall embodying the present invention; y

Fig. 2 lis a horizontal section through the wall, substantially upon the line 2--2 vof F igure l, between horizontal tiers of units;

F 3 is a sectional view substantially upon the line 3-3 of Figure l;

Fig. l is a detail View of one of the wall units, showing the inner side thereof in elevation; i

Fig. 5 is an edge view of Figure 4i;

Fig. .6 is an end elevation of Figure Fig. 7 is a transverse section through a portion Vof the wall7 substantially upon the line 7 7 of Figure l;

Fig. 8 is a view showing aimodified forni of unit in inside elevation;

Fig. 9 is .an edge view vof the unit shown in Figure 8;

Fig.. 10 isa pla-n view of a portion of a wall illustrating the embodiment therein of a further modified construction of unit for use in buildinga wall having a partition or other wall extending laterally from and connected to the niainY wall; and 5 F ig; 11 is a similar plan view showing inofdied forms of 'units for forming a corn-er where .two main walls meet at substantiaiiright j angles. it

In the drawings, 1 indicates as a whole, each of the several units which makeup the wall, these units being all alike and of substantially rectangular outline with a continuous flat outer surface, these units being set in the wall in opposed relation with their flat outer sides forming the inner and outer surfaces of the completed wall. Preferably, these units are arranged in the wall in horizontal rows or tiers, one tier above the other with the iniits o'f one tier in staggered relation to those of adjacent tiers? and each unit is formed with a marginal groove 2 all along the ends and side edges of its plain, flat outer surface, with .the side edge of this groove undercut, the edge grooves of adjacent units. thus together forming a groove outlining the severalv units in the wall surfaces, to receive furringstrips for nailing` a finish surfacing to the wall, or

to receive a plastic finish to be applied to these wall surfaces or either of them.

Projecting from. the innery side of each unit 1adjacent each end of the unit, is a rib Cil LSU

3 extending parallel with the end of the unit from the upper to the lower side edge thereof, these ribs being each formed with a flat end surface 4 to contact with the like end of a like rib on the opposed unit, and said units are thus spaced apart to give the desired thickness of wall, these ribs acent the end of one pair of units together with the like ribs adjacent the ends of an adjacent pair of units placed in the wall in and abutting relation thereto, form at the abutting ends of these adjacent pairs of units, between these ribs on one pair and those on the abutting pair, al vertical llue or passage 5 in the wall to receive fluid concrete and form a concrete column 6 as indicated in Figure 2, to be poured in after the units have been set in the wall, for solidly uniting the units of each pair and the abutting ends of the pairs of units in each horizontal tier of units, and also serving to rigidly unite the several tiers, as these concrete columns 6 formed by the hardening of this fluid concrete. extend from top to bottom of the wall, as will be hereinafter described.

Midway of the length of each unit, ribs 7 which are of substantially the same form as the ribs 3, are formed integral with and project from the inner side of the unit and are also formed with end surfaces 8 to meet like surfaces of the like ribs on the opposed unit. A, vertical flue or passage 9 to receive fluid concrete is thus formed intermediate the ends of each pair of units to unite these op posed units and strengthen the same, and as the pairs of units in one horizontal tier are set in staggered relation to the pairs of units in the tiers above and below, the flue or passage 9 intermediate the ends of each pair` is in vertical alignment with the passages 5 in the tiers above and below, and therefore the concrete columns 6 formed in these passages 5 and 9 extend from top to bottom of the wall.

Within each pair of units het veen the passages 9 and 5 the units together form vertical air passages 10, these air passages in the pairs of units of one horizontal tier, registering with the like air formed by the units of the tiers above and below, so that these passages extend verticallj7 in the linished wal1 from `top to bottom thereof and to strengthen the units opposite tl air passages and also to tie the units of each pair together transversely of the wall, the same serving to hold the units in place when they are set up in erecting the wall, transverse rods 11 extend across each air flue l0 at the upper and lower edges of each pair of units, these rods being formed with heads or lugs 12 as shown in Figure 7` at each end to engage within openings 13 in the abuttingr edge flanges 14 of the units of one tier resting upon those of the tier below. The units when placed, are thus tied together and the units in one tier are held in alignment with those of adjacent tiers by the transverse lugs ou the ends of these rods until concrete is poured into the passages 5 and 9 to solidly unite the units. rlhese rods thus serve to hold the units in place after being set up, and, as they are left in the wall, thejY serve to brace and strengthen the saine at the weakest parts of the units, or across the air tlues 10.

To connect the vertical air flues in the wall so that air may circulate longitudinalljY of the wall as well as vertically in these lues, the ribs 3 and 7 of each unit are cut away intermediate their upper and lower ends as at 15 so that when opposed units are set with said ribs in contact at their ends 4 and S openings will be formed to receive tubular sheet metal flue members 1G between the units of each pair, these flue members being oblong in cross section and of a length to eX- tend across each of the passages and 9 with the ends of these members projecting into the air llues 10 and held in place by the securing of the units of each pair together. These members 16 thus extend across the parsages 5 and 9 intermediate the upper and lower edges of the units4A and therefore when fluid cementitious material is poured into these passages, it will flow around and past these members filling these passages and forming solid concrete columns in the wall with transverse openings in these columns, providing horizontal air passages connecting the vertical air passages 10.

To obviate expansion and contraction which might open up the joints between uni tr; or between th l, tiers of units, or might cause the units to crack. pockets 17 are formed in each of the ribs 3 and 7 in the side thereof v\oward the passages 5 and 9 and at the extreme upper and lower ends of said ribs, opening through the flanges 14 at the upper and lo ver edges of each unit, these pockets opening also into the passages so that they will he filled with the concrete poured in to lill these passages. Each of these pockets 1T is tapered toward its inner end and the inner side of each pocket, or the side thereof adjacent the inner side of the rib in which it is formed, if; undercut, as at 18 so that the concrete filling' the pocket and hardening therein as an extension of the concrete columns in the passages 5 and 9, will be caught and held in these pockets against being pulled therefrom longitudinally of the wall, and thus the concrete in these pockets forms arm integral with the columns, which arms are intcrlocked with the ribs 3, preventing any movement apart long-itudinally of the wall of the abutting ends of the units. Further, these arms formed in these pockets, not only securely tic the units to the concrete colunms at the ends of the unit, but also to the columns in the passages 9 so that the possibilit;7 of the units becoming separated laterally of the wall or becoming loose on the columns, is precluded. These pockets in the edges of the unitsof one tier also align with the pockets in the edges of the units of adjacent tiers and thus form a further connection between the superposed tiers to hold them in perfect alignment vertically.

Special units are shown in Figure 10 for use where it is desired to run a partition or other wall 19 at right angles to the main wall with the end of this partition formed integral ith the units forming the main wall. These units 20 and 21 of the main wall are formed at their ends with'the ribs 3 the same as the units l but intermediate their ends are formed with ribs 22 .in place of the ribs 7 to separate the vertical air passage at each side of this partition formed by said ribs, which passages correspond to the passages 9. Extending latorally from and formed integral with the unit 21 opposite the dividing wall or ribs 22, is a partition and portion 24a formed with an internal rib 2e corresponding in shape to the abutting ribs 3, so that when opposed wall units corresponding in form to the units 1 are placed in end abuttinc relation to the extension 24a and concrete filled int-o the passage formed between the arms 24 and 3, the partition wall will be firmly united to the -unit 21 ofthe main wall.

Thel unit shown in Figures 8 and 9 is substantially the same as the unit 2O shown in Figure 10 except that its overall length is less and the top and bottom flanges thereof corresponding to the flanges 14, are extended toward th-e end of the rib 22 to brace and strengthen said rib. Units 20 may be employed in building the main wall or partition wall, they being' set in opposed pairs in the wall and the ribs 22 formed with the oval opening 15 to receive a flue Amember which may be of less length than the members 16. rlhese and any or all of the other units, may have embedded therein reinforcing wires 23 if found desirable, to lend strength to the units. l

Y In Figure 11 is shown a unit construction adapted to form a corner of the main wall, the butting ends of these units 25and 26 being formed at an angle of forty-five degreesto the surfaces of said units so that they will entend at right angles to each other, the ad-v jacent endsl of the units 25 being formed with ribs 27 pr jecting' from their inner sides to abut the inner 'edges of similar ribs 28 on the units k26, these ribs 27 and 28 being formed withpoclrets similar to the pockets 17 andalso with an opening 15 in each to receive a flue member 16 which extends across the passage 29 directly opposite the corner of the wall, which passage is similar to the passage 5 and is formed between the ribs 28 and 2'? to receive fluid concrete to form a solid column securely uniting the angularly positioned units. The outer ends of these units 26 and 25 are formed with ribs 3 the same as the units 1 and the opposed units are connected by the rods 11 in a like manner. A continuous air passage in the wall around the corneiis thus provided by the insertion of the members 16 Y and a very strong and rigid corner construe-"J tion is provided and the parts so united and interloclred as to obviate separation or cracking of the units.

Obviously changes may be made in the construction and arrangen'ient of units as set the wall.r a rib adjacent cach end of each unit fprojecting laterally from the inner side of he unit to meet like ribs on an opposed unit for spacing the units of each pair apart and forming Vertical passages at the abutting ends of adjacent pairs of units and vertical air passages between the units of each pair intermediate the ends thereof, and cement columns formed-in said vertical passages for unitinfw the units of each pair at the ends thereoI and for uniting they abutting ends of adjacent pairs Lof units, anc separate aubular means extending transversely of said ribs adjacent the abutting ends of adjacent pairs of units and horizon-tally through said cement columns with the ends thereof opening into .said ver ical air passages and forming horizontal air passages extending longitudinally of the wall and connecting said vertical air passages. e

2. A wall comprising a plurality of units arranged in pair-s with the units of each pair in` opposed relation to forni the outer sides of the wall, means on each unit projecting from the inner side thereof into engagement with iilre'means on an opposed i nt to space the units apart and fori-n ver-ical passages in the wel therebetween, said units being arranged in the wall in horizontal. tiers with the 4units in one tier in longitudinal staggered relation to the units of adjacenttiers, means 'eX-tending .ac-ross certain of said passages and engaged with opposedunits to tie said uincs together, and a con-crete fiiling in certain other of said passages to unite the abutting ends of pairs of unit 1 3. A wall compi g a plurality of units rienged in pairs with :the units of each pair in opposed relation to form Jthe outer sides ofthe wall, means on each unit projecting 'from the inner side thereof into engagemant with like means Von an opposed unit to space the units apart and form vertical passages in the wall tuerie-between, said units being arranged in the wall in ho izontal tiers, members extending across certain of said passages dal 0v ico au il. A well irranged in oppose et the wall in said walthe 'ins el each pair apart and pa: the wall between ne sont ribs being' fo p ito which pockets torni are of width than said i iclfzets being adapted to receive ellos, the op said pasta 'r pockets,rv Y cementitious material flowed into said pasto term colnnzns therein and to iorm projections in said poel; pon said columns to tie the abutting ends t id pairs of units ainst relative nn'nenient, longitudinally ot the wall.

5. A wall comprising a plurality ot' units arranged in pairs with the units of each pair in opposed relation to form the sides o the wall, ribs on the inner side of each unit extending vertically oi. the wall across said unit and projecting therefrom to meet lille ribs on an opposed unit and space the units apart and form vertical passages in the wall between said ribs. said ril s being cut away intermediate their ends to form seats, and a tubular member within each of said seats and between said ribs of each pair ot units and extending longitudinally of the wall across the vertical passage termed between said ribs pair oi units, to form horizontal l =s connecting the vertical passages at other side ot said ribs.

(i. A wall construction comprising a plurality oi? units arranged in pairs with the units of each pair in opposed relation to torni the sides of the wall, said pairs ot units being arranged in superposed tiers with the pairs of units in each tier in end abutting relation, ribs on each unit projecting from the inner side thereof into engagement with like ribs on an opposed unit to forni within the wall between said ribs, vertical pa @ages at the ends of each pair and intermediate the ends thereof, the pair of units in each tier being arranged in staggered relation to those ot adjacent tiers with said intermediate passage between each pair of units in vertical alignment with an end passage between pairs of units in adjacent 'tiers to form vertical passages in the wall extending from top t0 bottom thereof, the spaces between the ribs on each pair of units formingpassages at the ends of said units and the ribs thereon forming the intermediate passage, forming vertical air passages in the wall, said passages at the ends of said pair ot units and intermediate the end thereof7 being adapted to receive liuid concrete tor uniting the units of each pair intermediate their ends and tor uniting the abutting 'ends of adj aceirt pairs ot units.

7. A wall comprising a plurality of like units, each of rectangular outline and termed With ribs projecting laterally there-,trom and extending thereacross intermediate its ends and a rib projecting laterally Yfrom the saine side thereof and extending thereacross adj acent each end thereof, said ribs beingl cnt away intermediate their ends at thei., inner edges to receive independent tubular ineinbers to be inserted between the ribs on opposed units and transversely thereof and to extend longitudinally of the wall, and each rib being also formed with an nndercnt poel:- et adjacent each of the upper and lower edges of said unit to receive concrete flowed into the passages formed at the abutting ends of pairs of units by said ribs adjacent said abutting ends, for uniting the ends ot' pairs ot units with the abutting ends ot adjacent pairs and preventing separation of said pairsI longitudinally of the wall.

S. A wall comprising a plurality et like nnits arranged in pairs with the units ol' ach pair in opposed relation and with said pairs of units arranged in horizontal superposed tiers with the units of each pair in one tier in staggered relation to the pairs oit units in tiers above and below, ribs projecting laterally from the inner side ot each nnit to engage like ribs on the opposed unit or a pair ot units, there being a rib adjacent each. end ot each unit and a pair of spaced apart ribs intermediate the ends ot said unitr` the adjacent the ends ot abutting p s ot in in each tier forming between them vertical passages to receive fluid concrete Vtor nni ing said ends and forming continuait-ions oi' aid passages formed by the spaced apart ribs i1- termediate the ends of the pairs ot units in the tiers above and below, the spa ces between said ribs adjacent the ends of said nnits and the ribs inte 'mediate the ends of said units, forming vertical air fines in said wall, and separate independent open ended tibniar members extending horizontally ot ear-h tier of units within the ne and across the several passages ,tor receiving` fluid coin crete with their ends opening into the several vertical air fines formed in the walls between said passages.

In testimony whereof` I atiix my Yare. 

